Water Contamination in India ( ENG 103 )
Water Contamination in India
Submitted to:
Iram Mehrin
Lecturer
Centre of Language Studies
University of Liberal Arts
Submitted by:
Krishna Gopal Basak
ID number: 181012015
Course code: ENG 103 Section: 10
Semester: Spring, 2019
Abstract
More than 70-80% of water in our country are unsafe. It’s not only problem for India, other country also suffering from this problem. It’s problem all over the world. The Indian Society for Ecological Economics constitutes a Regional Society for multi-disciplinary research on issues of sustainable development from the perspective of ecological economics. If we see on Bangladesh village site , many people use tube wells for water. There have also a problem. The arsenic problem . And if we see on city side there have no permission to put tube wells on soil. So city people use supplied water for wasa. There also have a problem , the water is full of bleaching powder. And it is unsafe for us. So my paper analyze different kind of water. And The paper also consists of the potential and extent of various components which pollute the water . Finally , different effects of water pollution has been shown in paper .Introduction
Mankind Survival on earth depends on three resources – water , air and soil , natures most valuable gift for mankind . which water is the most important component for the basic human life . Demand of water rose six-fold between 1900 and 1995, more than double the rate of population growth (Postel, 1997). The first serious effort to take a short note on environmental issue is the global level at U.N . Conference held in June 1972, which was Screened unto People environment. Next the Idea like environment, sustainability and holding Strength of Earth have become the central theme of policy making round the globe (Gupta, 2001). Several resources of water at universal level have been studied and described by Gleick (1993). In his studies Falkenmark (1993) has pointed out the importance of pure water and its importance in the near future (Dwivedi, 2017) . Study of Viscose Structure of misuse water in Amritsar city was conducted by Panesar et al. (1985) in which they have reported about the suitability of the water for different uses. Formally 15% of core Kolkata’s water come from groundwater sources and rest from outward water, with the full city, excluding a recently added 25 square kilometer area in the couth, being delivered water through pipelines. In actuality up to 25% to 30% of the water used in families is groundwater. In a private interview a Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) authorized told thethirdpole.net that, despite having water links, rich families living in anew constructed multi-story flat blocks pump their personal water. They do not have much trust on the quality of water delivered by civic bodies. The situation is even not as good as in smaller municipalities within Kolkata Metropolitan Area where the access to surface water is much less. As a value of this groundwater levels have plummeted in different parts of the town. “We had carried out a complete assessment of underwater water status in the town some years back and found that there had been sharp failure especially in central to south Kolkata as well as along EM Bypass where utmost high-rises have come up in current years,” said Tapas Ghatak, an environment expert formerly with Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) (Basu, 2015).STATUS OF GROUNDWATER
Currently the annual condition of water worldwide is around 6000 to 7000 Km. The groundwater reserve universally is about 70, 000, 00 Km. This surplus quantity of water is carried in to the ground annually by the progression of precipitation and percolation. For the last few years, due to over withdrawal and limited rainfall, the low replenishment has lead to lowering of the water table. Concretization of the cities is also an important factor. Therefore, shortage of water is occurring alarmingly depending on regional water balance, controlled largely by climate, altitude, soil composition, vegetation cover, precipitation and percolation (Dwivedi, 2017). Dumping ground on the eastern fringe of the town. A study has establish traces of chromium, zinc, cadmium and copper in areas everywhere Dhapa. Copper and cadmium above allowable borders was also recorded. Under pressure are the East Calcutta Wetlands (ecw), the city's normal and the individual dirt treatment system, situated near Dhapa. "Sewage of the entire city collects at ecw along with industrial waste from tanneries, battery and jewellery workshops. These wastes hold heavyweight metals whose weight is so high that the marshes can't filter all of it," says hydrogeologist P K Sikdar of the Indian Institute of Social Welfare and Business Management, Kolkata. Dirty water is permeating the aquifer over a amount of deep-buried paleo channels (underground channels carved out by once-active streams and rivers). These have cut into the confining coating of the aquifer under Dhapa and ecw. The aquifer dishonesties under an approximately 40-metre deep layer of clay in this region, from where groundwater is extracted (Mitra, 2015).
RIVER POLLUTION IN INDIA
Water pollution in India has now extended a critical point. Nearly every river system in India is now dirty to a substantial degree. As measured by the scientists of the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nagpur, nearly 70% of water in India is polluted (Martin, 1998). Understandably, India needs to reach self-sufficiency in energy. Hence, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas regularly sales oil and natural gas blocks to Indian corporations for exploration in various river basins. While examination firms claim to take all the essential steps to prevent pollution, it is but natural that their methods are not 100% well-organized(Shah, 2018). Industrial development along the waterway belt is infesting the water with chemicals and other manufacturing wastes. High population solidness everywhere the river banks and the reckless dumping of non-biodegradable waste, especially plastics, is further adding to water contamination. Cleaning clothes on river rows is a common sight in India. Current detergents are made of chemicals that contaminate river waters. Devout Hindus attach a lot of significance to life after death. Hence, cremation grounds in rural India are located on the banks of rivers. High-quality sand from river beds is needed for India’s booming construction industry. This has led to rising pollution in Indian rivers. Dredging operators- usually the unlicensed ones- deploy kerosene and diesel-fueled cheap watercraft manned by cheap labor for sand dredging. Engines of these boats cause pollution(Shah, 2018).
SOURCES OF POLLUTION
The single biggest reason for water pollution in India is growth at an uncontrolled rate. The rate of growth has only gone up at a fast pace in the last period or so, but even then it has left an permanent mark on India’s aquatic resources. This has led to some environmental issues in the long period like paucity in water supply, generation and collection of wastewater to name a few.
This dirty water also seeps through the external and poisons groundwater. It is estimated that cities with peoples of more than one lakh people generate around 16,662 million liters of wastewater in a day. Strangely enough, 70% of the publics in these cities have access to sewerage services. Cities and towns located on the banks of Ganga generate almost 33% of wastewater generated in the country (Samudranil, 2019).
Following are some other important reasons of increasing levels of water pollution in India:
Industrial waste
Improper practices in agricultural sector
Reduction in water quantity in rivers in plains
Oil leaks from ships
Acid rain
Global warming
Eutrophication
Inadequate industrial treatment of wastes
Denitrification
Table 1: Toxic chemical production in India (During 1960 to 1987)
Source : GOI Publication, India, 1988-89.
CONCLUSION
In light of the above study we come to the conclusion that the level of water pollution have reached to the worrying stage. The value of water in most part of the world has dishonored, though the situation in India is more severe. Indian thinkers believe that “thought of a person depends on the type of food and water to which he is fed”. The above argument is well technical, because as we ingest contaminated food and water the normal physiology is distressed. Our body consists of about more than 10000 hormones and enzymes which are very exact in their requirement and kinetics. If any undesired material enters into our body it affects the mechanism of the hormone or enzyme activity in question. We are unaware of the fact that we are consuming considerable quantity of DDT, BHC, Aldrin and many other pesticides in addition to a variety of heavy metals along with our diet. The entry of these xenobiotic should be avoided. We must not use pre-seasonal fruits and vegetables as they require large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides to develop in the adverse situations.
Reference
Postel ,S. (1997). Facing Water Scarcity. New York, Norton, p.17-191. Prasad, B.N. and Saxena, M. 1980.Ecological study of blue-green alage in river Gomati. Ind. J. Environ. Hlth. 22(2) : 151-168.
Gupta, V.S. (2001). Environmental protection – The battle for servival. Emp. News. XXVI(9) : 1-3.
Dwivedi , A.K. (2017). RESEARCHES IN WATER POLLUTION: A REVIEW . International Research Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Basu, J. (2015, November 11). Kolkata, a water-rich city turning water-poor. Retrieved from https:// www. thethirdpole.net/en/2015/11/11/kolkata-a-water-rich-city-turning-water-poor/
Mitra, M. N. (2015, July 04). Heavy metals polluting Kolkata's groundwater. Retrieved from https:// www. downtoearth.org.in/news/heavy-metals-polluting-kolkatas-groundwater--6076
Martin, P. 1998. River pollution in India : An overview. Emp. News. XXII(52) : 1-2.
Shah, N. (2018, November 14). Explained: Causes And Impacts Of River Water Pollution In India. Retrieved from https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2018/11/the-rising-pollution-of-rivers-in-india-what-might-be-the-consequences/
Samudranil. “Water Pollution in India: Causes, Effects and Solutions.” My India, 2 Feb. 2019, www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/education/water-pollution-in-india-causes-effects-solutions.
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